"Swan Lake"
"Sleeping Beauty"
"Fluke"
Wednesday 8 February 2012
Social, political and historical context that influenced Mats Ek in making this production
Sweden (
i/ˈswiːdən/ swee-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] (
listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: 
Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund.
i/ˈswiːdən/ swee-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund.
At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million.[5] Sweden has a low population density
of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population
mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of
the population live in urban areas.[12] Sweden's capital is Stockholm, which is also the largest city.
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. The empire grew to be one of the great powers
of Europe in the 17th and early 18th century. Most of the conquered
territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th
and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland,
was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, adopting a non-aligned foreign policy in peacetime and neutrality in wartime.[13]
Today, Sweden is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy of government and a highly developed economy. In 2010, it ranked fourth in the world in The Economist's Democracy Index and ninth in the United Nations' Human Development Index. In 2010, the World Economic Forum ranked Sweden as the second most competitive country in the world, after Switzerland.[14] Sweden has the lowest Gini coefficient
of all countries (0.23) which makes Sweden the most equal country on
earth in terms of economic division. Sweden has been a member of the
European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.
Prehistory
Sweden's prehistory begins in the Allerød warm period c. 12,000 BC with Late Palaeolithic reindeer-hunting camps of the Bromme culture at the edge of the ice in what is now the country's southernmost province. This period was characterized by small bands of hunter-gatherer-fishers using flint technology.
Sweden enters proto-history with the Germania of Tacitus in AD 98. In Germania 44, 45 he mentions the Swedes (Suiones) as a powerful tribe (distinguished not merely for their arms and men, but for their powerful fleets) with ships that had a prow in both ends (longships). Which kings (kuningaz) ruled these Suiones is unknown, but Norse mythology
presents a long line of legendary and semi-legendary kings going back
to the last centuries BC. As for literacy in Sweden itself, the runic script
was in use among the south Scandinavian elite by at least the 2nd
century AD, but all that has come down to the present from the Roman
Period is curt inscriptions on artefacts, mainly of male names,
demonstrating that the people of south Scandinavia spoke Proto-Norse at the time, a language ancestral to Swedish and other North Germanic languages.
In the 6th century Jordanes named two tribes he calls the Suehans and the Suetidi who lived in Scandza. These two names are both considered to refer to the same tribe. The Suehans, he says, has very fine horses just as the "Thyringi" tribe (alia vero gens ibi moratur Suehans, quae velud Thyringi equis utuntur eximiis). Snorri Sturluson wrote that the contemporary Swedish king Adils
(Eadgils) had the finest horses of his days. The Suehans were the
suppliers of black fox skins for the Roman market. Then Jordanes names
the Suetidi which is considered to be the Latin form of Svitjod. He writes that the Suetidi are the tallest of men together with the Dani who were of the same stock. Later he mentions other Scandinavian tribes for being of the same height.
Originating in semi-legendary Scandza, believed to be somewhere in modern Götaland, Sweden, a Gothic population had crossed the Baltic Sea before the 2nd century AD, reaching Scythia at the coast of the Black Sea in modern Ukraine where Goths left their archaeological traces in the Chernyakhov culture. In the 5th and 6th centuries, they became divided as the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths, and established powerful successor-states of the Roman Empire in the Iberian peninsula and Italy.[17] Crimean Gothic communities appear to have survived intact in Crimea until the late 18th century.[18]
Military
MFörsvarsmakten (Swedish Armed Forces) is a government agency reporting to the Swedish Ministry of Defence and responsible for the peacetime
operation of the armed forces of Sweden. The primary task of the agency
is to train and deploy peace support forces abroad, while maintaining
the long-term ability to refocus on the defence of Sweden in the event
of war. The armed forces are divided into Army, Air Force and Navy. The head of the armed forces is the Supreme Commander (Överbefälhavaren, ÖB), the most senior officer in the country. Up to 1974 the head of state (=the King) was pro forma Commander-in-Chief, but in reality it was clearly understood all through the 20th century that the Monarch would have no active role as a military leader.
When King Gustav V asserted his right to decide and bypass the government in military matters just before the First World War ("borggårdskrisen",
the Castle Court Crisis) it was seen as a deliberate provocation
against established terms of how the country would be ruled. The office
of an appointed Supreme Commander was set up in 1939; before that date,
from the late 19th century onwards, the leading men of the army and navy
would report directly to the cabinet (and the king), and no fully
unified command existed in the professional military sphere itself.
Until the end of the Cold War, nearly all males reaching the age of military service were conscripted.
In recent years, the number of conscripted males has shrunk
dramatically, while the number of female volunteers has increased
slightly. Recruitment has generally shifted towards finding the most
motivated recruits, rather than solely those otherwise most fit for
service. All soldiers serving abroad must by law be volunteers. In 1975
the total number of conscripts was 45,000. By 2003 it was down to
15,000.
On 1 July 2010 Sweden stopped routine conscription, switching to an
all volunteer force unless otherwise required for defence readiness.[100][101][102]
The need to recruit only the soldiers later prepared to volunteer for
international service will be emphasized. The total forces gathered
would consist of about 60,000 men. This could be compared with the 80s
before the fall of the Soviet Union, when Sweden could gather up to
1,000,000 men.
Swedish units have taken part in peacekeeping operations in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Cyprus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Liberia, Lebanon, Afghanistan and Chad.
Currently, one of the most important tasks for the Swedish Armed Forces has been to form a Swedish-led EU Battle Group to which Norway, Finland, Ireland and Estonia will also contribute.[103] The Nordic Battle Group
(NBG) had a 10-day deployment readiness during the first half of 2008
and, although Swedish-led, had its Operational Headquarters (OHQ) in Northwood, outside London.
Last Updated-2012
Accessed-Wednesday 8th February 2012
Accessed-Wednesday 8th February 2012
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